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Star Trek Discovery

Star Trek Discovery

Star Trek Discovery– Things that don’t Make Any Sense

Star Trek Discovery is a web television series of America. The Bryan Fuller, as well as Alex Kurtzman, are the creator of this series. It was created for the CBS all access. It’s all episodes are high in action but they are low in technical mumbo jumbo.
Hence, in this article, we are going to discuss the things in star trek Series that don’t make any sense.

1. Star Trek Discovery Spore Drive

Star Trek Discovery is one of the unique and coolest parts of this series. To get access to the Mycelial Network, discovery is used secret exotic fungal spores of the technology utilizing. It subspace organic web that permeates the universe. When it is activated, the discovery can be able to instantaneously leap to the universe at any point via making it the fastest ship. Spore drive makes this series really well suited for the highly secret missions. Due to the enemies of Federation, the spore drive technology is sought heavily. It provides the biggest edge over the other in any civilization but where is this technology in the future?

2. Advanced Klingon Ship

In Star Trek Discovery series, the Klingons were sported their advanced ship which is seen in the canon ever. A menacing, as well as an intricate beast, is known as Sarcophagus. They could take different federation ships conveniently at the same time, whole during looking like a spaceship which is formidable ever.
The sarcophagus had also a great technology of cloaking according to the canon that is established. The Klingons weren’t supposed to utilize it until long into the tenure of Kirk. Why the empire of Klingon was not full of these ships? Especially if it is only 1 then what is the reason. It doesn’t make any sense in the series.

3. Not on CBS Official Network Star Trek Discovery

Star Trek Discovery is one of the major shows in America. However, most people who love to see this series consider that TV is the best source for the franchise. Because it can help to rich themes lend themselves good to the storytelling episodes. The rating for the series is already good on CBS all access and also the fan base is built in. They have been via the roof with a great platform such as Network TV. There is nothing to stop them to put their episodes for streaming especially when they are aired. Might be the CBS needed this series to get it going, but still, it is doubtful.

4. Adopted Human Sister Spock

The Spock had told nothing about his family. In the real series, the Spock did not reveal that the Sarek is his real father. He also fail to tell that he had arranged to be married since he was 7. After passing the 20 years Spock’s mind was slip that he had a half brother whose name was Sybok.
However, it seems that it has come up that Michael Burnham who was his half-sister, was a hero of famous mutineer-turned and serve on a highly secret ship use to help the Federation win against Klingons, which saved planet earth ultimately. Maybe people get some proper answer in season two

Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering Types and Requirements

What you should know about Civil Engineering?

Civil Engineering deals with construction and maintenance including designing etc. All over the world work on buildings and real estate is the creation of civil engineers. For example it’s concern with the production and design of man make structures which include buildings, roads, canals, dams and railways. Therefore it is safe to say that Civil Engineering is a field of high importance. In other words, the structure and integrity of a city highly depends on its civil engineers as they are the people who design the buildings we live in, work in or study in. The structural integrity is accurately measured by them and all the safety precautions in times of natural disasters are also taken into consideration.

Students choosing Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering is a very vast field and comprises within itself many different fields. Similarly it is very closely related to architecture; however these two fields do have some differences. While choosing a field to study, an undergraduate student will feel pressure to choose which field he/she wants to jump into. This is a highly tough decision and the student might be confused whether to choose civil engineering or architecture. The main difference between these two fields is that architecture is more suited for the individuals with a creative mind. As during the college years of learning architecture, they are more likely to take art classes whereas civil engr is more of a scientific field and deals more with science and technology. However, the number of students joining civil engr is increasing drastically day by day.

Requirements for becoming a Civil Engineer

Certainly the increase in population is a major cause of the demand of civil engineers as more hospitals, houses and living areas are required now. Morever people now are interested in how to become a civil engineer and what educational requirements are needed. Firstly, the requirement of becoming a civil engineer entails obtaining an engineering degree. This degree will last from about 3-5 years. Secondly, the course requirement for a civil engineer is massively based on concepts of physics and mathematics. Lastly, after acquiring this degree, the students can enroll in post graduate degrees in which they can specialize and further enhance their knowledge and skill.

Types of Civil Engineering

Certainly Civil Engineering is a very diverse field and it has many options for students to choose from; for example
1. Geotechnical Engineering
2. Structural Engineering
3. Civil Engineering with architecture program
4. Water Engineering
And many more, the options are endless. If any of you is thinking of choosing Civil Engineering as a field to study, than there could not be a better idea. It has an exceptional scope in the future and is also financially profitable. There will always be a requirement of a Civil Engineer because the basic necessities of a community are all met by a civil engineer. The construction of houses, dams and hospitals all contribute towards a healthy society.

Universities Offering Civil Engineering

The Universities which are offering Civil Engineering as a course, in Pakistan are:
1. The University of Engineering (UET)
2. Institute of Space Technology
3. National University of Science and Technology (NUST)
4. Air University ,Islamabad
5. Mehran University of Engineering and Technology ,Jamshoro
6. The University of Lahore
7. University of South Asia

All these universities are very well renown and all their degrees are accredit by the HEC(Higher Education Commission).

Conclusion

In conclusion, Civil Engineering is a very essential field and if we want our country to be technologically advanced we will advice our youth to join civil engr and enlighten them on the benefits. Certainly without these engineers our hospitals, dams, skyscrapers, roads and many more structures would not be possible. That is to say, that without them we would be living in the dark ages.

Fields of Physical Science

Physical Science Fields Scope Principles

Physical Science

The physical science which is a field that deals with many disciplines such as earth and its components, rocks and soil, the ocean and the atmosphere. In short, it is the systematic study of the inorganic world. That is, it does not study living things.

Fields of Physical Science

1. Astronomy

To clarify it is the study of celestial objects {stars, galaxies, planets, moons and asteroids}, the physics, chemistry. So some natural processes that occur outside the atmosphere of Earth including some explosions, gamma ray bursts and cosmic radiations.

2. Chemistry

Therefore It is the study of structure, properties and change of matter. But It deals with properties of atoms that observe the manner in which atoms form chemical bonds when they form compounds, the interaction of different substances that form matter through inter molecular forces and the interactions of substances that form substances through chemical reactions.

3. Geology

Firstly it is the study of composition, physical properties and the history of Earths components.
4. Physics:
Secondly it involves the study of matter and its motion through space and the concepts of energy and force. It also observes the phenomenon how the nature works.

5. Atmospheric science

Hence It is the study of atmosphere, the processes that take place in it and the interactions with other systems. It also involves the study of climatic changes and tropical cyclone activity using different equipment.

6. Oceanography

In case of It is the study of physical and biological aspects of the ocean.

7. Earth sciences

Finally It is the field of science that deals with planet Earth. It involves the study of the working of natural environment and it includes the study of hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere.

History of Physical Science

During Talking about the history of physical science, we come to know that the Italian mathematician, astronomer and physicist, Galileo Galilei, was the first to develop the concept of physical science by his empirical experiments, astronomical discoveries and his improvement of telescope.

Principles of Physical Science

Moreover, research shows that physical science has three main principles:
1. Firstly, it describes and measures motion, Newton’s laws of motion, forces, weight, mass, momentum and conservation of momentum.
2. Secondly, it describes the Theory of Gravity.
3. Thirdly, it describes the concept of energy, work and power. Hence, it also describes motion, position and energy.
Examples of Physical Science

1) The light bulb in the lamp
2) Battery
3) Pressurized Cans
4) Stretched Rubber Band
5) Disc
6) Activated Charcoal
7) Glass
Best Universities for Physical Science
1. University College of London
2. University of Oxford
3. Lund University, Sweden
4. Pohang University, South Korea
5. Dresden University of Technology, Germany
6. Southern University of Technology, Sydney
7. University of Innsbruck, Austria
Highest-paid Jobs for Physical Sciences
1. Fiber Laser Physicist Job in Boston paying $55K-$89K
2. Program Manager Job in Boston paying $63K-$97K
Similarly, physical sciences offer jobs like Nuclear Technician, Optical Engineer, Electronics Specialist, System Engineer, Cyclotron Specialist. Moreover, as a result of such top-ranked jobs, a physical scientist can earn an average salary of $95,000 per year.

Scope of Physical Science

So we can see that physical sciences is very important from our homes to industries. Hence things cannot come into existence without the application of physics laws. Since study of physics and its application is important for maintenance and balance of life, demands for physical scientists is increasing day by day, for more unique and intimidating work in future.

Solar System

Planet in Our Solar System

What is a Planet?

Now to begin with what a planet is, it is a large, round object in space that moves around a star. For example, the Earth is a Planet in Our Solar System.

What is a Solar System?

Talking about the solar system, it consists of the Sun and the eight planets orbiting around it, including moons, asteroids, comets and meteoroids.

Planets in Our Solar System

1. Mercury: It is the smallest planet in our solar system and closest to the Sun, moreover, it is only slightly larger than Earth’s Moon. Hence, it is the fastest planet, revolving around the Sun every 88 Earth days.
2. Venus: It spins slowly in the opposite direction from most planets. A thick atmosphere traps heat in a greenhouse effect, making it the hottest planet in our solar system.

3. Earth: It is our home planet, because, it is the only planet inhabited by living things, it is also the planet in our solar system with liquid water on the surface.
4. Mars: It is a dusty, cold, desert world with a very thin atmosphere. Moreover, Mars was billions of years ago, wetter and warmer, with a thicker atmosphere.
5. Jupiter: It is more than twice as massive than other planets of our solar system combined. The giant planet’s Great Red Spot is a centuries-old storm bigger than Earth.

6. Saturn: It is a dazzling, complex system of icy rings. Hence, Saturn is unique in our solar system. The other giant planets have rings, but none are as spectacular as Saturn’s.
7. Uranus: It is the seventh planet from the Sun. Because, it rotates at a nearly 90-degree angle from the plane of it’s orbit, the unique orbit makes Uranus appear to spin on it’s side.

8. Neptune: It is the eight and most distant planet orbiting around the Sun. Talking about it’s structure, it is dark, cold and whipped by supersonic winds. In addition to this, it is the first planet located through mathematical calculations.

Facts About Pluto

While talking about Pluto, it was discovered in 1930 and is the second closest planet to the Sun and was at one point classified as the ninth planet. Moreover, it is not actually a planet but a dwarf planet consisting mostly the mass particles like nitrogen with minor amounts of methane and carbon monoxide, hence, these particles have been vaporized from their ices on Pluto’s surface.

What Astronauts Do in Space?

Talking about astronauts, they go to space to study science of planets and perform large experiments. Moreover, they observe and photograph planets especially the natural and man-made changes on Earth. Talking about the planet Earth, they also study how humans behave in isolation and confinement. In contrary to this, the easiest object to visit was the Moon. Moreover, astronauts failed to land on Mercury because it is very hot and very cold. Similarly, satellites were sent to Venus and it ate them up. People wouldn’t last long there. Talking about Mars, it takes a year to get there and is safer for landing. Hence, the rest of planets are gas giants, except Pluto, which is much colder.

Conclusion

But now to the conclusion, it is important for us to study astronomy to address fundamental questions about our place in the Universe and the history of our Solar System. Moreover, to witness frightening changes in the sky and to record movements of planetary positions it is important to study astronomy.

Production Engineering

Boost Your Career with Production Engineering

Boost Your Career with Production Engineering and Know Its Scope

Production engineering has another name i.e. manufacturing engineering. It, therefore, involves the transformation of raw materials into finished items. Hence, there is a variety of industries and fields where production engineers can work. It is basically Mechanical Engineering specialization when the focus is on Machine Tools, Materials knowledge, and Quality Control. Engineers, therefore, have the responsibility of the design, development, implementation, functioning, and supervision of the production system. Production is thus the key element in any engineering process. These engineers are, therefore, the most important professionals in an organization.
The Education
The candidates, in fact, have to earn a Bachelor or Master’s Degree to enter this field. The students must acquire education to gain the skills to identify quality problems. They also have to study courses in lean manufacturing. Moreover, the Master’s degree programs give the understanding of planning to be able to involve in research or teaching.

Job duties of Production Engineers

The engineers, in fact, work for improving the manufacturing processes by reducing waste. The professionals , therefore, evaluate the manufacturing procedures and quality assurance to figure out weak points and weaknesses. They also choose machinery and equipment for the manufacturing process.
Planning and coordinating on a daily basis to produce high-quality products is also one of their job duties. They are also responsible to develop process improvements to use equipment and materials successfully for increasing manufacture.

Furthermore, they are responsible for
1. Planning and scheduling the manufacturing
2. Scaling and integrating resources.
3. Predicting and evaluating the demand
4. Quality control, distribution and inventory control.
5. Devising exactly the process of manufacturing
6. Using math and statistics properly
7. Managing and optimizing the flow
8. Comprehending production systems and the environment.
How to Get Into Engineering?
Hence, the most common way to enter the field is to earn a degree. Students also need a lot of training to become able to deal with the complexities of the work.

Fields Where Production Engineers Work?

The occupation of the professionals depends on the manufacturing process they involve in. If they involve oil or gas, then they will work in energy companies. Hence, their duties will be to help the companies improve their processes and turn the processes more cost-efficient.
Moreover, if they work in consumer goods, then they could be in a factory’s production line. They could also have the advising duties to guide the company.
The engineers may also have other responsibilities. For example, they may have to answer all the question regarding the better production of specific things.
Hence, if you are capable of doing this, then it is a good option to choose this field. Industrial engineers also use this form of engineering for using materials, manpower, machines, data, and energy for production. Thus, these engineers are very versatile in their skills and they can apply these skills to different industries.

Production Engineering Scope

This is a valuable field and hence, one can get occupation in the following fields after completion of studies:
1. Banking and Finance
2. Manufacturing industry
3. Transportation and communication sector
4. Pharmaceuticals
5. Travel
6. Semiconductor
7. E-business
8. Sports
9. Information Technology
10. Health

it zem solutions

Best Engineering Universities Of The World

Which Are The Best Engineering Universities Of The World

Studying engineering is a good choice for you if you are a career-minded person. You, in fact, need to have some unique set of skills for becoming an engineer. There are many best engineering universities all over the world. You should, therefore, choose the one that offers world-class education.
Hence, students who have an interest in this field must enroll in a specific discipline. The common specializations, therefore, include:

1. Civil engineering
2. Electrical
3. Aerospace
4. Chemical
5. Mechanical
These are different disciplines however, all rely on the basic concept of engineering. Countries like USA, Canada, Australia, and UK house some of the best universities. The United States, therefore, has a greater number of universities. Hence, read below the top universities of the world which offer a variety of disciplines. The United States has some of the world’s best institutions for engineering.
Hence, studying at a top university will give you an internationally respected qualification. Moreover, you will be able to start a good career. Hence, Let’s talk about the best universities.

Stanford University

Stanford University

It is the best university in the world and its high rank is because of its performance. It has 9 departments which are as follows

1. Aeronautics and Astronautics
2. Computer Science
3. Bioengineering
4. Chemical and Electrical Engineering
5. Civil and Environmental Engineering
6. Management Science and Engineering
7. Materials Science and Engineering
8. Mechanical.
The institution also has research centers, laboratories, as well as additional institutes. The degree from this university is also widely accepted across the world. The programs are for both graduate and undergraduate students. The undergraduate programs lead to a Bachelor’s degree.

University of Oxford

University of Oxford

It is an institute in England which enrolls students from a particular degree, unlike the universities of USA. The undergraduate programs consist of a four-year course. It is thus one of the top-ranking institutions in the world. The students after getting their degrees can, therefore, start their careers as professional engineers.

Harvard University

The new schools at this university namely John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences started in 2007. The institute, therefore, offers the best programs. Finally, the students at the institute with advanced standing can have one-year master’s programs by contacting the advisor.

Massachusetts Institute Of Technology

Massachusetts Institute Of Technology produced different products and new technologies to offer a solution to various scientific problems. Hence, it was initially a small community of problem solvers. However, currently, it is working as an independent as well as the coeducational university.  It also consists of five schools. The university, therefore, enjoys a strong status in the world. Besides this, it also welcomes students from all over the world.

California Institute Of Technology

It is a world-renowned university for research and education. The institute is also famous for having devoted teaching faculty and high-quality programs. The mission of the Institute thus is to expand human knowledge and promote education with research integration.

Why Study In The Engineering Universities?

This field, therefore, offers many opportunities for students thus making it the perfect career to start. Consequently, these universities are the best place to learn for the following reasons

Reasons to Learn Engineering Universities

1. Variety of Engineering Courses
2. High-quality course content
3. Good job opportunities

Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical Engineering Top 5 Innovation

Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical Engineering brought great changes in our lives. In this era, people are living longer instead of having diseases. Now a days . This means that the field of healthcare is expanding. According to the report of the census bureau, the number of older residence rises from 35-49.2 million. The demand for healthcare is continuously increasing among people.
Biomedical engineering is a well-established discipline. It’s connect with biology, engineering, and medicine. Furthermore, it is leading to technological developments like in the fields of surgical devices; imagine method, prosthetics, and diagnostics.
From the last few years, it knocked on the doors of innovation. There is a key role in some major innovations and these inventions change the scenario of healthcare and medicine all over the world.

1. The Bioartificial Liver

Dr. Matsumura got the idea for the development of the bioartificial liver. He planned to come up with a unique approach in developing the artificial liver. He builds a device that makes the usage of liver cells. These cells collected from the animals. This device is built with biological and synthetic component a part, that’s why it is known as bioartificial. The user blood circulates through the device and manufactured membrane parts from the animal cells. Moreover, in the device membrane plays a vital role. It helps to prevent cell rejection. And like a natural liver, it allows the cells to detoxify the blood of the patient.

2. The A bioCorArtificial Heart

The Abiocorartificial heart is surgically implanted in 2001. Before the AbioCor, the artificial heart was used in human beings. In the artificial heart, the user has to be connected with electrical power lines and tubes. These tubes and lines passed through the skin of the patient. This bound the patient with a bed.
On the other side, the AbioCor contain in the body. It has no tubes which run from the skin. This system has an external battery pack which a person can easily carry. So in this case, the patients are not tied with a bed, they can do routine work.

3. The Bionic Contact Lens

These lenses mix with an imprinted electronic circuit and an elastic contact lens. The users can see the magnificent computerized picture after wearing the lens. These lenses are useful for drivers and pilots. By using this lens they can get information about routes, vehicles, and weather. The bionic lens also helps to monitor the biological condition of a person.

4. The ElektaAxesse

Hence it is one of the latest inventions. This device use to cure cancer throughout the human body. The device also provides stereotactic radiosurgery, stereotactic body radiation therapy, and stereotactic radiation therapy. During the process of treatment, doctors may examine a 3D image of the treatment area. They also determine comfortable patient positioning system, ultra comfortable beam shaping, advanced treatment planning and many more.

5. The Eye Writer

So this device is helpful for bedridden. The eye tracking glass equipped along with the open source software. The people of neuromuscular syndromes can communicate with other people. They can give them their message by writing or drawing on the screen with the help of eye movement.

Biomedical Engineering Importance

in short this is Biomedical Engineering who brought wonderful changes and solutions in the field of medical. Finally we can conclude that now human more safe than past.

Architectural Engineering

What is Architectural Engineering?

Architectural Engineering

Architectural Engineering helps When you were a kid and you went to a beach to build a sand castle you must have learnt very quickly that if you use dry sand and fill the bucket with it and then put it upside down your castle would crumble down. Whereas if you went to take really wet sand, again the squishy lot would come down and you would fail to make the castle upright. Hence after a while you would realize that if there is enough moisture in the sand only then you would be able to make beautiful castles. This is an example of understanding materials and material properties i.e. how different materials behave.

What is Architectural Engineers Work?

Architectural engineering is a specific field of engineering that deals more with structures and buildings. Generally architects are familiar with the design of the building and engineers are involved in this process of making building. Architects are supposed to present the design whereas engineers approve the structure. Often we find that when architects and engineers sit to work together they are talking to different languages. The beauty of architectural engineering is that these engineers are able to look at the building from an architectural perspective. So they are much better able to understand and help architects.

If you look at the work of Santiago Calatrava, who is probably the most successful architect of the world; He makes concrete do what features do. He understands materials and material properties. Hence architectural engineers are able to bridge the gap between architect and engineering and thus produce building that are worth watching.
Students are pleased with the variety of subjects they get to study in the course of Architectural engineering. They learn a lot about architectural histories and theories in the context of politics and development of society. They are also able to learn about earthquakes. And how buildings should built in order to survive the damage.

How Architectural Engineering is different from Engineering

This field is more mathematical and calculative. It builds up analytical skills in students with a blend of creativity where they suppose to design. The lab has model materials where students come and discuss the structure of various buildings. Hence there is a lot of peer learning in Architectural engineering. Since architectural engineering is much more than about what a building looks like from outside, it makes architects understand that engineers are just as creative as architects but they each have different skills and so they both work together in the best possible way through architectural engineering.

Yet few people major in Architectural engineer. It is still not very popular in the US as compared to civil engineering. This may be because there are ten times more programs for civil engineering than there is for architectural engineer. Somebody who torn between math. And creativity should particularly look at architectural engineer which later on gives a career on buildings. Hence Architectural Engineer applies science and technology to the buildings in the real world. They improve the standard of living and the quality of life.

Chemical Engineering

What is Chemical Engineering?

Chemical Engineering

A chemical engineer is a professional, who has the knowledge of chemical engineering and is supposed to work in some industry where basic raw materials are converted to a variety of products. It also deals with the design and function of chemical equipments and plants. So we can say that a chemical engineer is one who uses. So applies principles of chemical engineering in any of its various practical applications. To Clarify these often includes; design, manufacture and operation of plants and machinery in industrial chemical and related processes, also known as ‘Chemical Process Engineers’
Above all Various Opportunities for a Chemical Engineer:

Petroleum

Convert Crude Oil into Petrol, Diesal, Kerosine, Heating oil etc. In Petroleum also there are two major classifications:
i. On shore
ii. Off shore
Major companies recruiting are: Reliance, Shell, Exxon, Essar and much more
Environmental:
Reduction in Air Pollution and Water Treatments requires hence a chemical engineer in industries.
Biotechnology and Pharma Industries:
In Biotechnology the design of Bio reactor is a crucial aspect from Chemical Engineer. Moreover Pharma Industries require Chemical Engineers in Productions well as in Research.

Semiconductor/Electronics

Finally Companies like IBM and Intel hires Chemical Engineers in huge quantities so for manufacturing of semiconductors/doping etc.
Other industries are:
1. Fibers and Polymers
2. Food and Drinks
3. Plastic and Metals
4. Pulp and Paper
5. Toiletries’

Chemical Engineering Alternative energy

Likewise chemical engineer can work in Alternative Energy like in the solar cells or micro cells. Finally fuel cells which convert chemical energy from a fuel into electrical energy which cars, boats, planes and submarines use.

Scale Up

In Addition Chemical engineering focuses mainly on scale up. This basically deals with research where you need to take a small reaction and then scale it to enable it to happen on a large scale. This is an important field and marks the difference between chemical engineers and chemists. Hence chemical engineers focus on designing a plant on which such large scale reaction may occur.
To Sum up  number of Chemical Development engineers work for consultancy and contracting firms. Moreover they have opportunities to work in environment protection, whereby they deal with pollution control, recycling and alternative energy. Moreover, a chemical engineering degree also provides a goof theoretical background for advancing existing technology and also for introducing new technology.

The world’s most successful people with the degree of Chemical Engineering:
1. Mukesh Ambani.  BE Chemical Engineering from Institute of Chemical Technology, Hence Matunga Reliance Industries. He believes that if you make a difference in this world it is certainly going to be talked about
2. Xi Jinping. Chemical Engineering from Tsinghua Univeristy.  But President of China. He believes that in order to be happy we should work hard and be down to earth,
3. Dr.Nitin Nohria. B.Tech in Chemical Engineering from IIT-Bombay; Executive Director of Tata Sons Limited. In case of he believes that communication is the real work of leadership!
4.  Linus Pauling. Chemical Engineering from Oregon State University. He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 are dealt with scientific topics. So Pauling was given the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954.

He shares his experience saying that when he began studying chemical engineering at Oregon Agricultural College he realized that he might discover something new about nature of the world. IThus he founded the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology.

Agricultural Engineering

Agricultural Engineering Introduction Job market

Agricultural Engineering Introduction

Agricultural engineering is a discipline of engineering studies which deals with agricultural production and processing. It is an integrated field in which the main principles of agriculture production are applied with the latest technologies falling under the umbrella of chemical, mechanical, electrical and civil engineering. The main objective of this integrated discipline is to enhance the sustainability of agriculture sector, to increase agricultural output by mechanising the methodologies of agricultural processing. Agriculture engineering deals with the design, improvement and manufacturing of agriculture machinery to increase, sustain and improve the quality of agricultural output. So This involves implementation of better irrigation, crop management and harvesting methodologies for quality and increased per acre yield. This field also involves the planning of farm structure including better drainage, sustained water supply for irrigation and rural electrification. Research and Development (R&D) for continuous improvements is the bedrock of this discipline.

Brief History

The first curriculum on agricultural engineering was designed by Professor J.B Davidson in 1903 at Lowa State University in the Unites States. Subsequently, the American Society of Agriculture and Biological Engineers previously known as American Society of Agriculture Engineers was founded in 1907.

Agriculture Engineers

Education: In Pakistan students who aim to pursue agriculture engineering as a profession require to opt science subjects in high school and pre-engineering group in intermediate. After that, four year bachelor in Agricultural Engineering from a university recognized by Pakistan Engineering Council allows the students to enter this field.
Work
Every year hundreds of graduates in agricultural engineering enter the market. But The set of tasks these engineers may engage in are designing agricultural machinery, equipment and agriculture structures, agriculture resource management, research and development in this discipline, working as academicians in relevant institutes , developing water management and storage methods for livestock and better irrigation, surveying and land profiling, managing the fertility of the soil to prevent and control erosion, seeding, tillage, harvesting and processing of crops, sustainable production of livestock( poultry, fish and dairy animals), waste management( animal, agriculture and fertilizer runoff), food and bio resource engineering etc.

Institutes of Agriculture Engineering

Therefore Major institutes of agriculture engineering in Pakistan are:
1. University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
2. Sindh Agriculture University, Tandoja
3. University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar
4. Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi
Fewer institutes are offering degree in the discipline of agriculture engineering as compared to its increasing scope worldwide and its untapped market in Pakistan.

Job market for agriculture engineering

Job market for agriculture engineering in Pakistan include employment in the field of agricultural products. And machinery manufacturing by various companies, engineering, production, fertilizer, crop breeder/ geneticist, animal breeder/ nutritionist and, soil industry etc. Besides, there are several other avenues for agriculture engineers’ i.e.to start as entrepreneurs in any sector of agricultural engineering considering the rich soil. So large population and huge potential of Pakistan as an agrarian economy.

Conclusion

In Pakistan there is a huge market of agricultural engineering considering the wide agriculture base of the country. In case of the initiative by the government to tap the market of agriculture engineering will be a great step. For not only multiplying agriculture production but also. To increase its contribution in the sector from 18.9% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to at least. Hence a decade old previous percentage of 24 % of GDP. It will also help eliminate food insecurity of 208 million populations and, poverty of farming community. And will also provide jobs to thousands of jobless engineers individuals related to this field.