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Electrical Engineering is the main branch of the Engineering. In Engineering, we learn each how to make machines, devices, software, structures, buildings, bridges, mobile phones, computers, fans and every mechanical device we use in our daily life. However, Electrical Engineering deals with the study of electronics. Electronics means, electric equipment, and devices. Whereas, the student who is learning in the field of electrical engineering is said to be an Electrical Engineer.
Electrical Engineering emerged rapidly in the US with the increase in electrical inventions by the famous scientists. Thomas Edison’s invention of the 110 volts electric power network in 1882 led to the rapid increase in electrical engineering in the US. Electrical Engineers play the pivotal role in all the fields or branches of Engineering. They do not make them feared about the sudden incidents. Electrical Engineering is the field where it’s Engineers work and experience on several electronics and devices. Often, these Engineers have to work in professional laboratories. In experiments the Engineers ought to use measuring tools for circuits. Therefore, the Electrical Engineering requires the knowledge of circuit theory also. In this theory, the basis knowledge of transistors, capacitors, inductors, and circuits. Electrical Engineering is a very interesting field divided in other disciplines of Engineering. For example,Mechatronics. Followings are given few sub-fields of the Electrical Engineering:
Sub-fields of the Electrical Engineering
1) Control Engineering 2) Microelectronics Engineering 3) Electronics Engineering 4) Power Engineering 5) Telecommunication Engineering 6) Signal Processing Engineering 7) Computer Engineering 8) Biomedical Engineering 9) Microelectronics Engineering 10) Control Engineering
Branches of Engineering
Above mentioned disciplines and sub disciplines are related to the Branches of Electrical Engineering. However, it is a separate field from all the other branches of Engineering. Notwithstanding, it has interconnected relationships between all the branches of Engineering. Due to it’s significance in the Engineering, the Electrical Engineering is very famous department amongst all the other departments of Engineering. So It is understood as the most competitive field of Engineering amongst all others. Because, the Electrical Engineering demands not only technical minds, but also technology skills, design skills, as well as management skills. During from the designation of voltage bulbs to the microscopes, An Electrical Engineer performs his best to make modern equipments in the world. Following Skills Are Required To Be An Electrical Engineer.
During this way, An Electrical Engineer is a highly important person compared to all the other departments of Engineering. Because, It is a technical subject. But in which Electrical Engineers provide us designated equipment and tools in every stage of life. Electrical Engineering has been a wild interest subject in the US since decades, or in other words, we can say since centuries. So many important inventions in the field of Engineering had made by famous US Scientists. Finally AC to DC currents, many other important inventions are credited with the Scientists of United States.
Civil Engineering deals with construction and maintenance including designing etc. All over the world work on buildings and real estate is the creation of civil engineers. For example it’s concern with the production and design of man make structures which include buildings, roads, canals, dams and railways. Therefore it is safe to say that Civil Engineering is a field of high importance. In other words, the structure and integrity of a city highly depends on its civil engineers as they are the people who design the buildings we live in, work in or study in. The structural integrity is accurately measured by them and all the safety precautions in times of natural disasters are also taken into consideration.
Students choosing Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering is a very vast field and comprises within itself many different fields. Similarly it is very closely related to architecture; however these two fields do have some differences. While choosing a field to study, an undergraduate student will feel pressure to choose which field he/she wants to jump into. This is a highly tough decision and the student might be confused whether to choose civil engineering or architecture. The main difference between these two fields is that architecture is more suited for the individuals with a creative mind. As during the college years of learning architecture, they are more likely to take art classes whereas civil engr is more of a scientific field and deals more with science and technology. However, the number of students joining civil engr is increasing drastically day by day.
Requirements for becoming a Civil Engineer
Certainly the increase in population is a major cause of the demand of civil engineers as more hospitals, houses and living areas are required now. Morever people now are interested in how to become a civil engineer and what educational requirements are needed. Firstly, the requirement of becoming a civil engineer entails obtaining an engineering degree. This degree will last from about 3-5 years. Secondly, the course requirement for a civil engineer is massively based on concepts of physics and mathematics. Lastly, after acquiring this degree, the students can enroll in post graduate degrees in which they can specialize and further enhance their knowledge and skill.
Types of Civil Engineering
Certainly Civil Engineering is a very diverse field and it has many options for students to choose from; for example 1. Geotechnical Engineering 2. Structural Engineering 3. Civil Engineering with architecture program 4. Water Engineering And many more, the options are endless. If any of you is thinking of choosing Civil Engineering as a field to study, than there could not be a better idea. It has an exceptional scope in the future and is also financially profitable. There will always be a requirement of a Civil Engineer because the basic necessities of a community are all met by a civil engineer. The construction of houses, dams and hospitals all contribute towards a healthy society.
Universities Offering Civil Engineering
The Universities which are offering Civil Engineering as a course, in Pakistan are: 1. The University of Engineering (UET) 2. Institute of Space Technology 3. National University of Science and Technology (NUST) 4. Air University ,Islamabad 5. Mehran University of Engineering and Technology ,Jamshoro 6. The University of Lahore 7. University of South Asia
All these universities are very well renown and all their degrees are accredit by the HEC(Higher Education Commission).
Conclusion
In conclusion, Civil Engineering is a very essential field and if we want our country to be technologically advanced we will advice our youth to join civil engr and enlighten them on the benefits. Certainly without these engineers our hospitals, dams, skyscrapers, roads and many more structures would not be possible. That is to say, that without them we would be living in the dark ages.
Boost Your Career with Production Engineering and Know Its Scope
Production engineering has another name i.e. manufacturing engineering. It, therefore, involves the transformation of raw materials into finished items. Hence, there is a variety of industries and fields where production engineers can work. It is basically Mechanical Engineering specialization when the focus is on Machine Tools, Materials knowledge, and Quality Control. Engineers, therefore, have the responsibility of the design, development, implementation, functioning, and supervision of the production system. Production is thus the key element in any engineering process. These engineers are, therefore, the most important professionals in an organization. The Education The candidates, in fact, have to earn a Bachelor or Master’s Degree to enter this field. The students must acquire education to gain the skills to identify quality problems. They also have to study courses in lean manufacturing. Moreover, the Master’s degree programs give the understanding of planning to be able to involve in research or teaching.
Job duties of Production Engineers
The engineers, in fact, work for improving the manufacturing processes by reducing waste. The professionals , therefore, evaluate the manufacturing procedures and quality assurance to figure out weak points and weaknesses. They also choose machinery and equipment for the manufacturing process. Planning and coordinating on a daily basis to produce high-quality products is also one of their job duties. They are also responsible to develop process improvements to use equipment and materials successfully for increasing manufacture.
Furthermore, they are responsible for 1. Planning and scheduling the manufacturing 2. Scaling and integrating resources. 3. Predicting and evaluating the demand 4. Quality control, distribution and inventory control. 5. Devising exactly the process of manufacturing 6. Using math and statistics properly 7. Managing and optimizing the flow 8. Comprehending production systems and the environment. How to Get Into Engineering? Hence, the most common way to enter the field is to earn a degree. Students also need a lot of training to become able to deal with the complexities of the work.
Fields Where Production Engineers Work?
The occupation of the professionals depends on the manufacturing process they involve in. If they involve oil or gas, then they will work in energy companies. Hence, their duties will be to help the companies improve their processes and turn the processes more cost-efficient. Moreover, if they work in consumer goods, then they could be in a factory’s production line. They could also have the advising duties to guide the company. The engineers may also have other responsibilities. For example, they may have to answer all the question regarding the better production of specific things. Hence, if you are capable of doing this, then it is a good option to choose this field. Industrial engineers also use this form of engineering for using materials, manpower, machines, data, and energy for production. Thus, these engineers are very versatile in their skills and they can apply these skills to different industries.
Production Engineering Scope
This is a valuable field and hence, one can get occupation in the following fields after completion of studies: 1. Banking and Finance 2. Manufacturing industry 3. Transportation and communication sector 4. Pharmaceuticals 5. Travel 6. Semiconductor 7. E-business 8. Sports 9. Information Technology 10. Health
Which Are The Best Engineering Universities Of The World
Studying engineering is a good choice for you if you are a career-minded person. You, in fact, need to have some unique set of skills for becoming an engineer. There are many best engineering universities all over the world. You should, therefore, choose the one that offers world-class education. Hence, students who have an interest in this field must enroll in a specific discipline. The common specializations, therefore, include:
1. Civil engineering 2. Electrical 3. Aerospace 4. Chemical 5. Mechanical These are different disciplines however, all rely on the basic concept of engineering. Countries like USA, Canada, Australia, and UK house some of the best universities. The United States, therefore, has a greater number of universities. Hence, read below the top universities of the world which offer a variety of disciplines. The United States has some of the world’s best institutions for engineering. Hence, studying at a top university will give you an internationally respected qualification. Moreover, you will be able to start a good career. Hence, Let’s talk about the best universities.
Stanford University
It is the best university in the world and its high rank is because of its performance. It has 9 departments which are as follows
1. Aeronautics and Astronautics 2. Computer Science 3. Bioengineering 4. Chemical and Electrical Engineering 5. Civil and Environmental Engineering 6. Management Science and Engineering 7. Materials Science and Engineering 8. Mechanical. The institution also has research centers, laboratories, as well as additional institutes. The degree from this university is also widely accepted across the world. The programs are for both graduate and undergraduate students. The undergraduate programs lead to a Bachelor’s degree.
It is an institute in England which enrolls students from a particular degree, unlike the universities of USA. The undergraduate programs consist of a four-year course. It is thus one of the top-ranking institutions in the world. The students after getting their degrees can, therefore, start their careers as professional engineers.
Harvard University
The new schools at this university namely John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences started in 2007. The institute, therefore, offers the best programs. Finally, the students at the institute with advanced standing can have one-year master’s programs by contacting the advisor.
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology produced different products and new technologies to offer a solution to various scientific problems. Hence, it was initially a small community of problem solvers. However, currently, it is working as an independent as well as the coeducational university. It also consists of five schools. The university, therefore, enjoys a strong status in the world. Besides this, it also welcomes students from all over the world.
California Institute Of Technology
It is a world-renowned university for research and education. The institute is also famous for having devoted teaching faculty and high-quality programs. The mission of the Institute thus is to expand human knowledge and promote education with research integration.
Why Study In The Engineering Universities?
This field, therefore, offers many opportunities for students thus making it the perfect career to start. Consequently, these universities are the best place to learn for the following reasons
Reasons to Learn Engineering Universities
1. Variety of Engineering Courses 2. High-quality course content 3. Good job opportunities
Biomedical Engineering brought great changes in our lives. In this era, people are living longer instead of having diseases. Now a days . This means that the field of healthcare is expanding. According to the report of the census bureau, the number of older residence rises from 35-49.2 million. The demand for healthcare is continuously increasing among people. Biomedical engineering is a well-established discipline. It’s connect with biology, engineering, and medicine. Furthermore, it is leading to technological developments like in the fields of surgical devices; imagine method, prosthetics, and diagnostics. From the last few years, it knocked on the doors of innovation. There is a key role in some major innovations and these inventions change the scenario of healthcare and medicine all over the world.
1. The Bioartificial Liver
Dr. Matsumura got the idea for the development of the bioartificial liver. He planned to come up with a unique approach in developing the artificial liver. He builds a device that makes the usage of liver cells. These cells collected from the animals. This device is built with biological and synthetic component a part, that’s why it is known as bioartificial. The user blood circulates through the device and manufactured membrane parts from the animal cells. Moreover, in the device membrane plays a vital role. It helps to prevent cell rejection. And like a natural liver, it allows the cells to detoxify the blood of the patient.
2. The A bioCorArtificial Heart
The Abiocorartificial heart is surgically implanted in 2001. Before the AbioCor, the artificial heart was used in human beings. In the artificial heart, the user has to be connected with electrical power lines and tubes. These tubes and lines passed through the skin of the patient. This bound the patient with a bed. On the other side, the AbioCor contain in the body. It has no tubes which run from the skin. This system has an external battery pack which a person can easily carry. So in this case, the patients are not tied with a bed, they can do routine work.
3. The Bionic Contact Lens
These lenses mix with an imprinted electronic circuit and an elastic contact lens. The users can see the magnificent computerized picture after wearing the lens. These lenses are useful for drivers and pilots. By using this lens they can get information about routes, vehicles, and weather. The bionic lens also helps to monitor the biological condition of a person.
4. The ElektaAxesse
Hence it is one of the latest inventions. This device use to cure cancer throughout the human body. The device also provides stereotactic radiosurgery, stereotactic body radiation therapy, and stereotactic radiation therapy. During the process of treatment, doctors may examine a 3D image of the treatment area. They also determine comfortable patient positioning system, ultra comfortable beam shaping, advanced treatment planning and many more.
5. The Eye Writer
So this device is helpful for bedridden. The eye tracking glass equipped along with the open source software. The people of neuromuscular syndromes can communicate with other people. They can give them their message by writing or drawing on the screen with the help of eye movement.
Biomedical Engineering Importance
in short this is Biomedical Engineering who brought wonderful changes and solutions in the field of medical. Finally we can conclude that now human more safe than past.
Architectural Engineering helps When you were a kid and you went to a beach to build a sand castle you must have learnt very quickly that if you use dry sand and fill the bucket with it and then put it upside down your castle would crumble down. Whereas if you went to take really wet sand, again the squishy lot would come down and you would fail to make the castle upright. Hence after a while you would realize that if there is enough moisture in the sand only then you would be able to make beautiful castles. This is an example of understanding materials and material properties i.e. how different materials behave.
What is Architectural Engineers Work?
Architectural engineering is a specific field of engineering that deals more with structures and buildings. Generally architects are familiar with the design of the building and engineers are involved in this process of making building. Architects are supposed to present the design whereas engineers approve the structure. Often we find that when architects and engineers sit to work together they are talking to different languages. The beauty of architectural engineering is that these engineers are able to look at the building from an architectural perspective. So they are much better able to understand and help architects.
If you look at the work of Santiago Calatrava, who is probably the most successful architect of the world; He makes concrete do what features do. He understands materials and material properties. Hence architectural engineers are able to bridge the gap between architect and engineering and thus produce building that are worth watching. Students are pleased with the variety of subjects they get to study in the course of Architectural engineering. They learn a lot about architectural histories and theories in the context of politics and development of society. They are also able to learn about earthquakes. And how buildings should built in order to survive the damage.
How Architectural Engineering is different from Engineering
This field is more mathematical and calculative. It builds up analytical skills in students with a blend of creativity where they suppose to design. The lab has model materials where students come and discuss the structure of various buildings. Hence there is a lot of peer learning in Architectural engineering. Since architectural engineering is much more than about what a building looks like from outside, it makes architects understand that engineers are just as creative as architects but they each have different skills and so they both work together in the best possible way through architectural engineering.
Yet few people major in Architectural engineer. It is still not very popular in the US as compared to civil engineering. This may be because there are ten times more programs for civil engineering than there is for architectural engineer. Somebody who torn between math. And creativity should particularly look at architectural engineer which later on gives a career on buildings. Hence Architectural Engineer applies science and technology to the buildings in the real world. They improve the standard of living and the quality of life.
A chemical engineer is a professional, who has the knowledge of chemical engineering and is supposed to work in some industry where basic raw materials are converted to a variety of products. It also deals with the design and function of chemical equipments and plants. So we can say that a chemical engineer is one who uses. So applies principles of chemical engineering in any of its various practical applications. To Clarify these often includes; design, manufacture and operation of plants and machinery in industrial chemical and related processes, also known as ‘Chemical Process Engineers’ Above all Various Opportunities for a Chemical Engineer:
Petroleum
Convert Crude Oil into Petrol, Diesal, Kerosine, Heating oil etc. In Petroleum also there are two major classifications: i. On shore ii. Off shore Major companies recruiting are: Reliance, Shell, Exxon, Essar and much more Environmental: Reduction in Air Pollution and Water Treatments requires hence a chemical engineer in industries. Biotechnology and Pharma Industries: In Biotechnology the design of Bio reactor is a crucial aspect from Chemical Engineer. Moreover Pharma Industries require Chemical Engineers in Productions well as in Research.
Semiconductor/Electronics
Finally Companies like IBM and Intel hires Chemical Engineers in huge quantities so for manufacturing of semiconductors/doping etc. Other industries are: 1. Fibers and Polymers 2. Food and Drinks 3. Plastic and Metals 4. Pulp and Paper 5. Toiletries’
Chemical Engineering Alternative energy
Likewise chemical engineer can work in Alternative Energy like in the solar cells or micro cells. Finally fuel cells which convert chemical energy from a fuel into electrical energy which cars, boats, planes and submarines use.
Scale Up
In Addition Chemical engineering focuses mainly on scale up. This basically deals with research where you need to take a small reaction and then scale it to enable it to happen on a large scale. This is an important field and marks the difference between chemical engineers and chemists. Hence chemical engineers focus on designing a plant on which such large scale reaction may occur. To Sum up number of Chemical Development engineers work for consultancy and contracting firms. Moreover they have opportunities to work in environment protection, whereby they deal with pollution control, recycling and alternative energy. Moreover, a chemical engineering degree also provides a goof theoretical background for advancing existing technology and also for introducing new technology.
The world’s most successful people with the degree of Chemical Engineering: 1. Mukesh Ambani. BE Chemical Engineering from Institute of Chemical Technology, Hence Matunga Reliance Industries. He believes that if you make a difference in this world it is certainly going to be talked about 2. Xi Jinping. Chemical Engineering from Tsinghua Univeristy. But President of China. He believes that in order to be happy we should work hard and be down to earth, 3. Dr.Nitin Nohria. B.Tech in Chemical Engineering from IIT-Bombay; Executive Director of Tata Sons Limited. In case of he believes that communication is the real work of leadership! 4. Linus Pauling. Chemical Engineering from Oregon State University. He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 are dealt with scientific topics. So Pauling was given the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954.
He shares his experience saying that when he began studying chemical engineering at Oregon Agricultural College he realized that he might discover something new about nature of the world. IThus he founded the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology.
Agricultural engineering is a discipline of engineering studies which deals with agricultural production and processing. It is an integrated field in which the main principles of agriculture production are applied with the latest technologies falling under the umbrella of chemical, mechanical, electrical and civil engineering. The main objective of this integrated discipline is to enhance the sustainability of agriculture sector, to increase agricultural output by mechanising the methodologies of agricultural processing. Agriculture engineering deals with the design, improvement and manufacturing of agriculture machinery to increase, sustain and improve the quality of agricultural output. So This involves implementation of better irrigation, crop management and harvesting methodologies for quality and increased per acre yield. This field also involves the planning of farm structure including better drainage, sustained water supply for irrigation and rural electrification. Research and Development (R&D) for continuous improvements is the bedrock of this discipline.
Brief History
The first curriculum on agricultural engineering was designed by Professor J.B Davidson in 1903 at Lowa State University in the Unites States. Subsequently, the American Society of Agriculture and Biological Engineers previously known as American Society of Agriculture Engineers was founded in 1907.
Agriculture Engineers
Education: In Pakistan students who aim to pursue agriculture engineering as a profession require to opt science subjects in high school and pre-engineering group in intermediate. After that, four year bachelor in Agricultural Engineering from a university recognized by Pakistan Engineering Council allows the students to enter this field. Work Every year hundreds of graduates in agricultural engineering enter the market. But The set of tasks these engineers may engage in are designing agricultural machinery, equipment and agriculture structures, agriculture resource management, research and development in this discipline, working as academicians in relevant institutes , developing water management and storage methods for livestock and better irrigation, surveying and land profiling, managing the fertility of the soil to prevent and control erosion, seeding, tillage, harvesting and processing of crops, sustainable production of livestock( poultry, fish and dairy animals), waste management( animal, agriculture and fertilizer runoff), food and bio resource engineering etc.
Institutes of Agriculture Engineering
Therefore Major institutes of agriculture engineering in Pakistan are: 1. University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2. Sindh Agriculture University, Tandoja 3. University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 4. Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi Fewer institutes are offering degree in the discipline of agriculture engineering as compared to its increasing scope worldwide and its untapped market in Pakistan.
Job market for agriculture engineering
Job market for agriculture engineering in Pakistan include employment in the field of agricultural products. And machinery manufacturing by various companies, engineering, production, fertilizer, crop breeder/ geneticist, animal breeder/ nutritionist and, soil industry etc. Besides, there are several other avenues for agriculture engineers’ i.e.to start as entrepreneurs in any sector of agricultural engineering considering the rich soil. So large population and huge potential of Pakistan as an agrarian economy.
Conclusion
In Pakistan there is a huge market of agricultural engineering considering the wide agriculture base of the country. In case of the initiative by the government to tap the market of agriculture engineering will be a great step. For not only multiplying agriculture production but also. To increase its contribution in the sector from 18.9% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to at least. Hence a decade old previous percentage of 24 % of GDP. It will also help eliminate food insecurity of 208 million populations and, poverty of farming community. And will also provide jobs to thousands of jobless engineers individuals related to this field.
Nuclear engineering is the field of engineering dealing with the application and science of radiation and nuclear phenomenon. It involves production and utilization of radioactive materials and control, release and use of nuclear energy for research, industry uses, medicine, and national security. This branch of engineering has primary principles of mathematics and physics as its basis which explains transmission of gamma rays and neutrons in the form of nuclear interactions. Nuclear interactions are dependant on the flow of heat and fluid, chemical reactions and change in the behavior of substances when exposed to nuclear radiation. Nuclear engineering is thus, a multidimensional area that involves the application of various areas of physics and analysis of large and complex systems.
History of Nuclear Engineering
The field of nuclear engineering originated in the 20th century when German scientists Fritz Strassmann and Otto Hahn discovered nuclear fission reaction in 1939. It was realized immediately that a strong weapon can be formed by employing this phenomenon of nuclear fission. This idea gave rise to the “Manhattan Project” in World War ll by the United States of America. University of Chicago scientists build the first nuclear reactor based on the principles of N-Eng. After the first reactor, many such weapons and reactors were made at Washington.
Hence Late 1940s and early 1950s, brought about the peaceful and positive uses of nuclear energy and various institutions and laboratories related to nuclear technology came into being. During Colleges and schools in the U.S started offering degree programs in N-Eng by the 1950’s and 60’s. Now, there are more than 60 programs related to N-Eng are offered and taught around the world.
Areas of Nuclear Engineering
Following are some of the branches of nuclear engineering
Nuclear Power
During Nuclear Power deals with the production and applications of nuclear power plants and radiators. In short Nuclear power plants, today are controlled to produce electricity especially in U.S. This area of N-Eng has its further specialities.
Plasma Physics
Plasma Physics is based on the principles of nuclear fusion reactions, which is different from nuclear fission. Therefore Fusion reactions combine the nuclei to release the enumerable amount of energy. Plasma physicists work in production and application of fusion reactors.
Nuclear Weapons
This is a highly classified area of N-Eng which involves the production, application, design and management of nuclear weapons. It mainly involves production of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs which can cause massive destruction.
Radioisotopes
Radioisotopes have found their applications in several industries these days, including medical, research, preservation and plastic etc. And Nearly 2000 isotopes are prepare by nuclear engineers in nuclear reactors.
Nuclear Waste Management
Due to this area deals with the management of this waste from atomic reactors, industries, research and medical labs. If this waste material is highly reactive and needs to be disposed off properly.
Health Physics
Finally Nuclear engineers in health physics determine the application and transmission of radiation in the human body for medical purposes.
Uses of Nuclear Engineering
Nuclear engineering is helpful in following fields and organizations 1. Architectural engineering organizations 2. Manufacturing Firms 3. Electric Utility Firms 4. Medical Centres and laboratories 5. Defense programs 6. Universities and Educational institutions
